Modern power grids are exposed to an increasing level of uncertainty due to the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources. Sensitivity analysis is a crucial component necessary for quantifying the uncertainty and thus increasing secure grid operations 1,2 . In this project new modules within the Verified Exascale Computing for Multiscale Applications (VECMA) toolkit 3 will be implemented. These modules will enable sensitivity analysis of the applications with correlated input parameters, which is usual practice in the power system applications. The validation of the new modules is based on two components; (i) analyzing the convergence and error of the VECMA toolkit using the new modules and (ii) qualitative comparison of the two developed methods addressing the correlation. The computation comprises of thousands of simultaneous and independent model evaluations, which can thus scale up to an arbitrary number of the computing cores at supercomputing systems. We will use pilot job mechanisms and meta-schedulers for the management and execution of these independent processes.

Computing has been disruptive to all scientific domains that increasingly rely on computational models and data to discover new knowledge and form decisions. With the explosion of Big Data, we are now faced with the ever-increasing size, variability, and uncertainty of the datasets. Some of the most challenging problems in data-driven science involve understanding the interactions between millions or even thousands of millions of variables. The vast quantity, veracity, velocity, and variety of data are challenging classical high-performance numerical methods and software for extreme-scale computing. Progress in research in scientific computing algorithms and software has been tightly linked to progress in microprocessor technology and high-performance programming technology. We are now in the process of embarking on the extreme-scale computing era which will revolutionize the architectural stack in a holistic fashion. It will also require research on optimized mathematical software libraries according to the device characteristics with novel numerical algorithms and data science applications that exploit them. How can we reconcile sustainable advances in sparse linear algebra and nonlinear optimization for new applications domains in data analytics while at the same time prepare for the anticipated sea-change looming in a twenty-year hardware horizon as well? We seek answers to these questions through computational methods that resolve fundamental challenges imposed by large-scale analytics, deep analysis, and precise predictions by advancing and preparing the foundation for the next generation of sparsified numerical methods. Our algorithms rely on the innovative coupling of sparsified numerical linear algebra and nonlinear optimization methods for data-intensive applications. The inherently deterministic character of these methods, when coupled with high communication demands, requires the development of robust approximation methods under the condition of extreme-scale computational science. This includes scientific libraries providing high-quality, reusable software components for constructing applications, as well as improved robustness ad portability. These developments will be driven by research on mathematical software, extreme-scale computing and an effort to push these developments toward applications. The focus on the computation of functions of matrix inverse entries presents a new dimension of numerical methods, since it goes beyond the classical requirements in solving linear systems or eigenvalue problems and has not yet been addressed in most of the research projects on massively parallel architectures. It is expected that the techniques developed by this will prove important in many of the other data-driven applications and will also provide basic tools for most of the applications for high performance computing (HPC) science and engineering problems. Novel, scalable software engineered to facilitate broader public use will be made available to the research and industrial community. Our numerical algorithms and mathematical software libraries are capable of leveraging emerging hardware paradigms and are applicable to a wide variety of existing applications such as finance, biology, health sciences, and many more. In particular, we will shed light on applications on nanoelectronic device simulation, and high-dimensional partial correlation estimations in genomics applications.

Advancing education and training in High Performance Computing (HPC) and its applicability to HPDA and AI is essential for strengthening the world-class European HPC ecosystem. It is of primary importance to ensure the digital transformation and the sustainability of high-priority economic sectors. Missing educated and skilled professionals in HPC/HPDA/AI could prevent Europe from creating socio-economic value with HPC. The HPC European Consortium Leading Education Activities aims to develop a new and innovative European Master programme focusing on high performance solutions to address these issues. The master programme aims at catalysing various aspects of the HPC ecosystem and its applications into different scientific and industrial domains. EUMaster4HPC brings together major players in HPC education in Europe and mobilizes them to unify existing programs into a common European curriculum. It leverages experience from various European countries and HPC communities to generate European added value beyond the potential of any single university. EUMaster4HPC emphasizes collaboration across Europe with innovative teaching paradigms including co-teaching and the cooperative development of new content relying on the best specialists in HPC education in Europe. Employers, researchers, HPC specialists, supercomputing centres, CoEs and technology providers will constitute a workforce towardEuroHPC projects this master in HPC pilot programme. This pilot will provide a base for further national and pan- European educational programmes in HPC all over Europe and our lessons learned and the material development will accelerate the uptake of HPC in academia and industry.The creation of a European network of HPC specialists will catalyse transfers and mutual support between students, teachers and industrial experts. A particular focus on mobility of students and teachers will enable students to rapidly gain experience through internships and exposure to European supercomputing centres.

In this research project we plan to analyze possible economic responses to climate change in a heterogeneous-agents, multi-region, stochastic general equilibrium model. Climate change, as well as carbon taxation, will have drastically different effects on aggregate production and consumption across different regions. Moreover, a lack of international risk sharing as well as high costs to migration imply that the predicted global warming can have much larger adverse effects than it would appear from a single-region model. An obvious policy response to global warming is a carbon tax which will naturally hurt some individuals and help others. We plan to compute the optimal carbon tax through time, as well as region- and cohort-specific side payments needed to make carbon taxation a global, that is to say, an inter-temporal, and inter-regional win-win. To do so in an accurate quantitative fashion, we will need to i) develop large-scale, multi-region dynamic stochastic economic models with overlapping generations that incorporate state-of-the-art climate physics, and ii) develop high-performance computing codes that are capable of solving such models on a human time scale. An essential aspect of the research project is to develop economic models that can help us to understand how researchers and society can tackle the significant uncertainties associated with climate change. In this context, we also plan to address the question of how new financial assets or new forms of social insurance systems can help to share climate risks and mitigate climate uncertainties. Our project lies at the intersection of economics, climate science, and computational science. The main questions we ask are economic questions. However, to model climate change appropriately, in particular in order to quantify regional differences and uncertainties associated with climate change we need to engage and interact heavily with the climate modeling community. To compute the effects of taxes and climate risks on individuals’ welfares we plan to develop a modular code framework, with one module to model the evolution of climate, one module that links changes in climate to economic damages, and one module that solves for prices and quantities in the economy. For this, we need to interact heavily with the computational science community.